CITATIONS

RACIAL BIAS

  • AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Can we trust algorithms? | All Hail The Algorithm. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6D-fSkcVHw

  • AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Do Biometrics Protect or Compromise Our Security? | All Hail the Algorithm. Retrieved from YouTube on December 02, 2020.

  • Card, Dallas. “The ‘Black Box’ Metaphor in Machine Learning - Towards Data Science.” Medium, 14 June 2018, towardsdatascience.com/the-black-box-metaphor-in-machine-learning-4e57a3a1d2b0.

  • Channel4News, & Frei, M. (2019, September 23). Shoshana Zuboff on 'surveillance capitalism' and how tech companies are always watching us. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL4bz3QXWEo

  • Gillis, Alexander. “Biometrics.” SearchSecurity, 25 Aug. 2020, searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/biometrics.

  • PBSfrontline. (2019, December 02). In the Age of AI (full film) | FRONTLINE. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dZ_lvDgevk

  • Plenke, Max. “The Reason This ‘Racist Soap Dispenser’ Doesn’t Work on Black Skin.” Mic, 9 Sept. 2015, www.mic.com/articles/124899/the-reason-this-racist-soap-dispenser-doesn-t-work-on-black-skin.

  • VPROinternational, & Duong, R. (2019, December 20). Shoshana Zuboff on surveillance capitalism | VPRO Documentary (P. Delput & R. Schuurman, Eds.). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIXhnWUmMvw

  • VPROinternational, & Kieft, M. (2018, October 26). Algorithms rule us all - VPRO documentary - 2018. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF_wj5jmiQ

ALGORITHM

  • AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Can we trust algorithms? | All Hail The Algorithm. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6D-fSkcVHw

  • Burch, James. “In Japan, a Buddhist Funeral Service for Robot Dogs.” AIBO Robot Dogs Given Buddhist Funeral in Japan, 25 May 2018, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/                       travel/destinations/asia/japan/in-japan--a-buddhist-funeral-service-for-robot-dogs/.

  • Channel4News, & Frei, M. (2019, September 23). Shoshana Zuboff on 'surveillance capitalism' and how tech companies are always watching us. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL4bz3QXWEo

  • Copeland, B. (2019, April 11). Artificial intelligence. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence

  • Lisberger, S. (Writer). (1982). Tron[Video file].

  • O'Brien, S. A. (2018, August 8). Deepfakes are coming. Is Big Tech ready? Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/08/technology/deepfakes-countermeasures- facebook-twitter-youtube/index.html

  • Ovadya, A., (2019). Retrieved April 4, 2019, from http://aviv.me/media

  • PBSfrontline. (2019, December 02). In the Age of AI (full film) | FRONTLINE. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dZ_lvDgevk

  • Scott, R. (Director). (1982). Blade runner[Video file].

  • Scott, R. (Director). (2006). Blade runner: The directors cut[Video file].

  • Spacey, J., (2016, May 26). What is Artificial Knowledge? Simplicable. Retrieved November 20, 2020 from: https://simplicable.com/new/artificial-knowledge.

  • VPROinternational, & Duong, R. (2019, December 20). Shoshana Zuboff on surveillance capitalism | VPRO Documentary (P. Delput & R. Schuurman, Eds.). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIXhnWUmMvw

  • VPROinternational, & Kieft, M. (2018, October 26). Algorithms rule us all - VPRO documentary - 2018. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF_wj5jmiQ

  • VPRO Documentary, and Kieft, M (2017, June 11). “The Real Value of Your Personal Data - Docu - 2013.” | VPRO Documentary. Retrieved on December 02, 2020, from www.youtube.com/watch?v=dW7k_GZYLwk.

  • Wark, McKenzie. A Hacker Manifesto. Beck, 2005.

  • “What is a Bot | Cloudflare.” Cloudflare, 2020, www.cloudflare.com/learning/bots/what-is-a-bot.

  • “What Is Automation?” IBM, 2020, www.ibm.com/topics/automation.

  • Zappar. “What Is Augmented Reality (AR)? ?” Zappar, Zappar, 20 Jan. 2018, https://www.zappar.com/augmented-reality/.

PANOPTICON

  • AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Can we trust algorithms? | All Hail The Algorithm. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6D-fSkcVHw

  • Brown.edu. “Internalized Authority and the Prison of the Mind: Bentham and Foucault’s Panopticon.” Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World, 2020, www.brown.edu/ Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7121.html.

  • Boetie, E. D. (2018). Politics of Obedience: The discourse of voluntary servitude.

  • Bollier, D. (2013). Sousveillance as a Response to Surveillance. David Bollier News and Perspectives on the Commons. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from http://www.bollier.org/blog/sousveillance-response-surveillance

  • Callon, M., & Latour, B. (n.d.). Unscrewing the big Leviathan: How actors macro-structure reality and how sociologists help them to do so.

  • Channel4News, & Frei, M. (2019, September 23). Shoshana Zuboff on 'surveillance capitalism' and how tech companies are always watching us. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL4bz3QXWEo

  • Chu, Arthur. “The Social Web and the Digital Panopticon.” TechCrunch, 18 Oct. 2015, techcrunch.com/2015/10/18/the-social-web-and-the-digital-panopticon.

  • “Foucault 2: Government Surveillance & Prison | Philosophy Tube.” YouTube, uploaded by Philosophy Tube, 26 May 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHRPzp09Kqc.

  • Galič, M., Timan, T., & Koops, B. (2016). Bentham, Deleuze and Beyond: An Overview of Surveillance Theories from the Panopticon to Participation. Philosophy & Technology, 30(1), 9-37. 

  • Gehring, P. (2017). The Inverted Eye. Panopticon and Panopticism, Revisited. Foucault Studies, 46-62. 

  • Hobbes, T. (2020). Leviathan. New York: W W Norton.

  • Hosch, William. “Google | History & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021, www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc.

  • Light, A. (2010). The Panopticon reaches within: How digital technology turns us inside out. Identity in the Information Society, 3(3), 583-598. 

  • Mann, S. (2013). Veilance and reciprocal transparency: Surveillance versus sousveillance, AR glass, lifeglogging, and wearable computing. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS): Social Implications of Wearable Computing and Augmediated Reality in Everyday Life, wearcam.org/veillance/part1.pdf.

  • Meyer, Michelle. “Everything You Need to Know About Facebook’s Controversial Emotion Experiment.” Wired, 3 June 2017, www.wired.com/2014/06/everything-you-need-to-know-about-facebooks-manipulative-experiment.

  • McMullen, T. (2015, July 23). What does the Panopticon Mean in the age of Digital Surveillance? The Guardian. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/23 /panopticon-digital-surveillance-jeremy-bentham

  • PBSfrontline. (2019, December 02). In the Age of AI (full film) | FRONTLINE. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dZ_lvDgevk

  • Pease-Watkin, C. (2002). Jeremy and Samuel Bentham – The Private and the Public. Journal of Bentham Studies. 

  • Romele, A., Gallino, F., Emmenegger, C., & Gorgone, D. (2017). Panopticism is not Enough: Social Media as Technologies of Voluntary Servitude. Surveillance & Society, 15(2), 204-221. 

  • Steadman, P. (2012). Samuel Bentham’s Panopticon. Journal of Bentham Studies. 

  • Tatulyan, M. (2020, September 26). The Digital Panopticon for a New Type of Capitalism. UX Collective. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://uxdesign.cc/the-digital-panopticon-36630d297935

  • VPROinternational, & Duong, R. (2019, December 20). Shoshana Zuboff on surveillance capitalism | VPRO Documentary (P. Delput & R. Schuurman, Eds.). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIXhnWUmMvw

  • VPROinternational, & Kieft, M. (2018, October 26). Algorithms rule us all - VPRO documentary - 2018. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF_wj5jmiQ

  • Watts, K. (2020). Is Everywhere a Panopticon? Social Sciences Blog. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://sunderlandsocialsciences .wordpress.com/2018/09/21/is-everywhere-a-panopticon/

  • Zhang, M. “What Was Bentham’s Panopticon? A Computer Model.” YouTube, uploaded by Myles Zhang, 26 Nov. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Myal-NSlIGA.

  • Zhao, G. (2019, June 1). Digital Panopticon: Why Privacy is a Human Right. Medium. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://medium. com/blockchain-at-berkeley/digital-panopticon-why-privacy-is-a-human-right-2ab6dae77433

  • Zuboff, S. (2020). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York, NY: PublicAffairs.

MIS/DIS-INFO

  • Ali, Y. (2021, February 21). Yashar Ali 🐘 on [Twitter]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/yashar/status/1365133854248345600?s=20

  • Andrew, C., & Mitrokhin, V. (1999). The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (1st ed.). Basic Books.

  • Atlantic Council. “Digital Forensic Research Lab.” Atlantic Council, 22 Feb. 2021, www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab.

  • Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. (2017, September). The Scourge of Russian Disinformation. Senate Intelligence Committee. https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/RussianDisinformation.pdf

  • Ellick, A., Kessel, J., Westbrook, A. (2018, November 12). Operation Infektion [Video]. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/video/what-is-disinformation-fake-news-playlist

  • Ewing, P. (2017, October 20). Russians Targeted U.S. Racial Divisions Long Before 2016 and Black Lives Matter. NPR https://www.npr.org/2017/10/30/560042987/russians-targeted-u-s-racial-divisions-long-before-2016-and-black-lives-matter

  • “FactCheck.Org.” FactCheck, 2020, www.factcheck.org.

  • Furlong, R. (2020, March 4). MH17: Debunking Russian Disinformation [Video]. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/mh17-debunking-russian-disinformation/30468377.html

  • Geneva, M. U. S. (2021, January 21). GEC Fact Sheet: PRC manipulation of research to raise doubt on COVID-19 origin. U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva. https://geneva.usmission.gov/2020/12/21/gec-fact-sheet-prc-manipulation-of-research-to-raise-doubt-on-covid-19-origin/

  • Lewis, R. (2021, March 1). Malaysia Airlines flight 17 | Background, Crash, Investigation, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Malaysia-Airlines-flight-17

  • Life2Coding. (2018, September 16). DeepFakes Video Collections Part 4: Needs to stop right now [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shzwCxwqono&t=171s

  • Lopez, G. (2016, December 8). Pizzagate, the fake news conspiracy theory that led a gunman to DC’s Comet Ping Pong, explained. Vox. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/12/5/13842258/pizzagate-comet-ping-pong-fake-news

  • LSE Consulting, Cull, N., Gatov, V., Pomerantsev, P., Applebaum, A., & Shawcross, A. (2017, October). Soviet Subversion, Disinformation and Propaganda: How the West Fought Against it. LSE Institute of Global Affairs. https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/2018/Jigsaw-Soviet-Subversion-Disinformation-and-Propaganda-Final-Report.pdf

  • “Media Bias/Fact Check - Search and Learn the Bias of News Media.” Media Bias Fact Check, 23 Feb. 2021, mediabiasfactcheck.com.

  • Northern Essex Community College. “LibGuides: Fake News vs. Real News: Tips for Evaluating Information.” Northwest Arkansas Community College Library, 2021, library.nwacc.edu/fakenews/evaluating.

  • Ovadya, Aviv. “What Do We Mean by ‘Quality News?’ - Tow Center.” Medium, 5 Feb. 2020, medium.com/tow-center/what-do-we-mean-by-quality-news-cec178704356.

  • Parham, J. (2017, October 19). Russians Posing as Black Activists on Facebook Is More Than Fake News. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/russian-black-activist-facebook-accounts/

  • Plasilova, I., Hill, J., Carlberg, M., Gaubet, M., & Procee, R. (2020, May). Study for the “Assessment of the Implementation of the Code of Practice on Disinformation.” European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/study-assessment-implementation-code-practice-disinformation

  • Perry, A., & Vile, J. (2017, May). Fairness Doctrine. The First Amendment Encyclopedia. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/95/fairness-doctrine

  • “Polygraph.” Polygraph.Info, 2020, www.polygraph.info.

  • Posetti, J., & Bontcheva, K. (2020, June 4). DISINFODEMIC: Deciphering COVID-19 disinformation. UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/ disinfodemic/brief1

  • Qiu, L. (2017, December 13). Fingerprints of Russian Disinformation: From AIDS to Fake News. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/12/us/politics/russian-disinformation-aids-fake-news.html

  • Robinson, B. S. S. A. O. (2020, April 26). Coronavirus: US and China trade conspiracy theories. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52224331

  • Select Committee on Intelligence. (2019). Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election Vol. 1. Senate Intelligence Committee. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default /files /documents/Report_Volume1.pdf

  • Select Committee on Intelligence. (2019). Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election Vol. 2. Senate Intelligence Committee. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites /default/files /documents /Report_Volume2.pdf

  • Schudson, Michael. “Here’s What Non-Fake News Looks Like.” Columbia Journalism Review, 23 Feb. 2017, www.cjr.org/analysis/fake-news-real-news-list.php.

  • Subcommitte on Europe, Eurasia, Energy and the Environment. (2016, July). Russian Disinformation Attack on Elections: Lessons from Europe. Committee on Foreign Affairs. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=829237

  • Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. (2019, September). Online Imposters and Disinformation. Committee on Science, Space and Technology. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=846024

  • The MIT Press Reader. (2020, December 22). Lessons From Operation “Denver,” the KGB’s Massive AIDS Disinformation Campaign. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/operation-denver-kgb-aids-disinformation-campaign/

  • Wendling, B. M. (2021, January 6). QAnon: What is it and where did it come from? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/53498434

  • Yglesias, M. (2015, May 6). The amazing Jade Helm conspiracy theory, explained. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2015/5/6/8559577/jade-helm-conspiracy

THE OPEN

  • Agamben, Giorgio, and Kevin Attell. The Open: Man and Animal. 1st ed., Stanford University Press, 2003.

  • Al Jazeera. “Mother ‘Reunites’ with Dead Daughter in Virtual Reality.” Science and Technology News | Al Jazeera, 14 Feb. 2020, www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/14/mother-reunites-with-dead-daughter-in-virtual-reality.

  • Auxier, Brooke, and Monica Anderson. “As Schools Close Due to the Coronavirus, Some U.S. Students Face a Digital ‘Homework Gap.’” Pew Research Center, 16 Mar. 2020, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/16/as-schools-close-due-to-the-coronavirus-some-u-s-students-face-a-digital-homework-gap.

  • Bartoloni, Paolo. “The Open and the Suspension of Being: A Review Article of New Work by Agamben, Heller-Roazen, and Smock.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, vol. 7, no. 3, 2005. Crossref, doi:10.7771/1481-4374.1276.

  • “Equifax Data Breach Settlement.” Federal Trade Commission, 15 July 2020, www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/refunds/equifax-data-breach-settlement.

  • Griffin, Andrew. “Facebook’s Robots Shut down after They Develop New Language.” The Independent, 10 Sept. 2020, www.independent.co.uk/life-style/facebook-artificial-intelligence-ai-chatbot-new-language-research-openai-google-a7869706.html.

  • Heidegger, Martin. Parmenides (Studies in Continental Thought). Indiana University Press, 1998.

  • Heidegger, Martin. Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays, The. Harper Torchbooks, 1977.

  • Hui, Yuk. “Cosmostechnics.” Angelaki, vol. 25, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1–2.

  • Hui, Yuk. “Cosmotechnics as Cosmopolitics.” Journal #86 November 2017 - e-Flux, 2017, www.e-flux.com/journal/86/161887 /cosmotechnics-as-cosmopolitics.

  • Hui, Yuk. Recursivity and Contingency (Media Philosophy). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.

  • Inside Higher Ed, and Colleen Flaherty. “Parking Lot Wi-Fi Is a Way of Life for Many Students.” Inside Higher Ed, 8 May 2020, www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/05/08/parking-lot-wi-fi-way-life-many-students.

  • Lemmens, Pieter. “Other Turnings.” Angelaki, vol. 25, no. 4, 2020, pp. 9–25.

  • Lo, Edwin. “Interview: A Thousand Cosmotechnics.” Research Network for Philosophy and Technology | 技術與哲學研究網絡, 6 Mar. 2020, philosophyandtechnology.network/1266/interview-a-thousand-cosmotechnics.

  • Phillips, James. “Restoring Place to Aesthetic Experience: Heidegger’s Critique of Rilke.” Critical Horizons, vol. 11, no. 3, 2010, pp. 341–58.

  • Rilke, Rainer Maria, and Stephen Mitchell. Duino Elegies & The Sonnets to Orpheus: A Dual-Language Edition (Vintage International). Bilingual, Vintage, 2009.

  • Santner, Eric. On Creaturely Life: Rilke, Benjamin, Sebald. New edition, University of Chicago Press, 2006.

  • Tortum, Deniz, and Sutherland, Ainsley. “Embodied Montage: Constructing Meaning in Virtual Reality.” VR Developer Gems. CRC Press, 2019.

  • Verbeek, P., FutureLearn. “The Technological View of the World of Martin Heidegger.” FutureLearn, 4 Feb. 2021, www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/philosophy-of- technology/0/steps/26314.

OTHER

  • Belluck, P. (2019, April 14). Gene-Edited Babies: What a Chinese Scientist Told an American Mentor. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/health/ gene-editing-babies.html

  • Bial, H., & Brady, S. (2016). The performance studies reader. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

  • Couturier, J. (2019). Voidlandia: Conversations in Discord. Retrieved September 19, 2020.

  • Glaser, P. M. (Director). (1987.). The Running man[Video file].

 
  • Leeker, M., Schipper, I., & Beyes, T. (2017). Performing the digital: Performativity and performance studies in digital cultures. Bielefeld: Transcript.

  • Rahim, Z. (2019, April 12). Scientist injects human genes into monkeys' brains and makes them more intelligent, study says. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://www.independent.co.uk /news/science /monkey-human-genes-brains-china-dna-intelligence-study-a8866616.html

  • Schechner, R., & Brady, S. (2019). Performance studies: An introduction. New York: Routledge.