CITATIONS
RACIAL BIAS
AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Can we trust algorithms? | All Hail The Algorithm. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6D-fSkcVHw
AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Do Biometrics Protect or Compromise Our Security? | All Hail the Algorithm. Retrieved from YouTube on December 02, 2020.
Card, Dallas. “The ‘Black Box’ Metaphor in Machine Learning - Towards Data Science.” Medium, 14 June 2018, towardsdatascience.com/the-black-box-metaphor-in-machine-learning-4e57a3a1d2b0.
Channel4News, & Frei, M. (2019, September 23). Shoshana Zuboff on 'surveillance capitalism' and how tech companies are always watching us. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL4bz3QXWEo
Gillis, Alexander. “Biometrics.” SearchSecurity, 25 Aug. 2020, searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/biometrics.
PBSfrontline. (2019, December 02). In the Age of AI (full film) | FRONTLINE. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dZ_lvDgevk
Plenke, Max. “The Reason This ‘Racist Soap Dispenser’ Doesn’t Work on Black Skin.” Mic, 9 Sept. 2015, www.mic.com/articles/124899/the-reason-this-racist-soap-dispenser-doesn-t-work-on-black-skin.
VPROinternational, & Duong, R. (2019, December 20). Shoshana Zuboff on surveillance capitalism | VPRO Documentary (P. Delput & R. Schuurman, Eds.). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIXhnWUmMvw
VPROinternational, & Kieft, M. (2018, October 26). Algorithms rule us all - VPRO documentary - 2018. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF_wj5jmiQ
ALGORITHM
AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Can we trust algorithms? | All Hail The Algorithm. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6D-fSkcVHw
Burch, James. “In Japan, a Buddhist Funeral Service for Robot Dogs.” AIBO Robot Dogs Given Buddhist Funeral in Japan, 25 May 2018, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ travel/destinations/asia/japan/in-japan--a-buddhist-funeral-service-for-robot-dogs/.
Channel4News, & Frei, M. (2019, September 23). Shoshana Zuboff on 'surveillance capitalism' and how tech companies are always watching us. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL4bz3QXWEo
Copeland, B. (2019, April 11). Artificial intelligence. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
Lisberger, S. (Writer). (1982). Tron[Video file].
O'Brien, S. A. (2018, August 8). Deepfakes are coming. Is Big Tech ready? Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/08/technology/deepfakes-countermeasures- facebook-twitter-youtube/index.html
Ovadya, A., (2019). Retrieved April 4, 2019, from http://aviv.me/media
PBSfrontline. (2019, December 02). In the Age of AI (full film) | FRONTLINE. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dZ_lvDgevk
Scott, R. (Director). (1982). Blade runner[Video file].
Scott, R. (Director). (2006). Blade runner: The directors cut[Video file].
Spacey, J., (2016, May 26). What is Artificial Knowledge? Simplicable. Retrieved November 20, 2020 from: https://simplicable.com/new/artificial-knowledge.
VPROinternational, & Duong, R. (2019, December 20). Shoshana Zuboff on surveillance capitalism | VPRO Documentary (P. Delput & R. Schuurman, Eds.). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIXhnWUmMvw
VPROinternational, & Kieft, M. (2018, October 26). Algorithms rule us all - VPRO documentary - 2018. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF_wj5jmiQ
VPRO Documentary, and Kieft, M (2017, June 11). “The Real Value of Your Personal Data - Docu - 2013.” | VPRO Documentary. Retrieved on December 02, 2020, from www.youtube.com/watch?v=dW7k_GZYLwk.
Wark, McKenzie. A Hacker Manifesto. Beck, 2005.
“What is a Bot | Cloudflare.” Cloudflare, 2020, www.cloudflare.com/learning/bots/what-is-a-bot.
“What Is Automation?” IBM, 2020, www.ibm.com/topics/automation.
Zappar. “What Is Augmented Reality (AR)? ?” Zappar, Zappar, 20 Jan. 2018, https://www.zappar.com/augmented-reality/.
PANOPTICON
AlJazeeraEnglish, & Rae, A. (2019, July 03). Can we trust algorithms? | All Hail The Algorithm. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6D-fSkcVHw
Brown.edu. “Internalized Authority and the Prison of the Mind: Bentham and Foucault’s Panopticon.” Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World, 2020, www.brown.edu/ Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7121.html.
Boetie, E. D. (2018). Politics of Obedience: The discourse of voluntary servitude.
Bollier, D. (2013). Sousveillance as a Response to Surveillance. David Bollier News and Perspectives on the Commons. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from http://www.bollier.org/blog/sousveillance-response-surveillance
Callon, M., & Latour, B. (n.d.). Unscrewing the big Leviathan: How actors macro-structure reality and how sociologists help them to do so.
Channel4News, & Frei, M. (2019, September 23). Shoshana Zuboff on 'surveillance capitalism' and how tech companies are always watching us. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL4bz3QXWEo
Chu, Arthur. “The Social Web and the Digital Panopticon.” TechCrunch, 18 Oct. 2015, techcrunch.com/2015/10/18/the-social-web-and-the-digital-panopticon.
“Foucault 2: Government Surveillance & Prison | Philosophy Tube.” YouTube, uploaded by Philosophy Tube, 26 May 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHRPzp09Kqc.
Galič, M., Timan, T., & Koops, B. (2016). Bentham, Deleuze and Beyond: An Overview of Surveillance Theories from the Panopticon to Participation. Philosophy & Technology, 30(1), 9-37.
Gehring, P. (2017). The Inverted Eye. Panopticon and Panopticism, Revisited. Foucault Studies, 46-62.
Hobbes, T. (2020). Leviathan. New York: W W Norton.
Hosch, William. “Google | History & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2021, www.britannica.com/topic/Google-Inc.
Light, A. (2010). The Panopticon reaches within: How digital technology turns us inside out. Identity in the Information Society, 3(3), 583-598.
Mann, S. (2013). Veilance and reciprocal transparency: Surveillance versus sousveillance, AR glass, lifeglogging, and wearable computing. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS): Social Implications of Wearable Computing and Augmediated Reality in Everyday Life, wearcam.org/veillance/part1.pdf.
Meyer, Michelle. “Everything You Need to Know About Facebook’s Controversial Emotion Experiment.” Wired, 3 June 2017, www.wired.com/2014/06/everything-you-need-to-know-about-facebooks-manipulative-experiment.
McMullen, T. (2015, July 23). What does the Panopticon Mean in the age of Digital Surveillance? The Guardian. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/23 /panopticon-digital-surveillance-jeremy-bentham
PBSfrontline. (2019, December 02). In the Age of AI (full film) | FRONTLINE. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dZ_lvDgevk
Pease-Watkin, C. (2002). Jeremy and Samuel Bentham – The Private and the Public. Journal of Bentham Studies.
Romele, A., Gallino, F., Emmenegger, C., & Gorgone, D. (2017). Panopticism is not Enough: Social Media as Technologies of Voluntary Servitude. Surveillance & Society, 15(2), 204-221.
Steadman, P. (2012). Samuel Bentham’s Panopticon. Journal of Bentham Studies.
Tatulyan, M. (2020, September 26). The Digital Panopticon for a New Type of Capitalism. UX Collective. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://uxdesign.cc/the-digital-panopticon-36630d297935
VPROinternational, & Duong, R. (2019, December 20). Shoshana Zuboff on surveillance capitalism | VPRO Documentary (P. Delput & R. Schuurman, Eds.). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIXhnWUmMvw
VPROinternational, & Kieft, M. (2018, October 26). Algorithms rule us all - VPRO documentary - 2018. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF_wj5jmiQ
Watts, K. (2020). Is Everywhere a Panopticon? Social Sciences Blog. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://sunderlandsocialsciences .wordpress.com/2018/09/21/is-everywhere-a-panopticon/
Zhang, M. “What Was Bentham’s Panopticon? A Computer Model.” YouTube, uploaded by Myles Zhang, 26 Nov. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Myal-NSlIGA.
Zhao, G. (2019, June 1). Digital Panopticon: Why Privacy is a Human Right. Medium. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://medium. com/blockchain-at-berkeley/digital-panopticon-why-privacy-is-a-human-right-2ab6dae77433
Zuboff, S. (2020). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York, NY: PublicAffairs.
MIS/DIS-INFO
Ali, Y. (2021, February 21). Yashar Ali 🐘 on [Twitter]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/yashar/status/1365133854248345600?s=20
Andrew, C., & Mitrokhin, V. (1999). The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (1st ed.). Basic Books.
Atlantic Council. “Digital Forensic Research Lab.” Atlantic Council, 22 Feb. 2021, www.atlanticcouncil.org/programs/digital-forensic-research-lab.
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. (2017, September). The Scourge of Russian Disinformation. Senate Intelligence Committee. https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/RussianDisinformation.pdf
Ellick, A., Kessel, J., Westbrook, A. (2018, November 12). Operation Infektion [Video]. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/video/what-is-disinformation-fake-news-playlist
Ewing, P. (2017, October 20). Russians Targeted U.S. Racial Divisions Long Before 2016 and Black Lives Matter. NPR https://www.npr.org/2017/10/30/560042987/russians-targeted-u-s-racial-divisions-long-before-2016-and-black-lives-matter
“FactCheck.Org.” FactCheck, 2020, www.factcheck.org.
Furlong, R. (2020, March 4). MH17: Debunking Russian Disinformation [Video]. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/mh17-debunking-russian-disinformation/30468377.html
Geneva, M. U. S. (2021, January 21). GEC Fact Sheet: PRC manipulation of research to raise doubt on COVID-19 origin. U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva. https://geneva.usmission.gov/2020/12/21/gec-fact-sheet-prc-manipulation-of-research-to-raise-doubt-on-covid-19-origin/
Lewis, R. (2021, March 1). Malaysia Airlines flight 17 | Background, Crash, Investigation, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Malaysia-Airlines-flight-17
Life2Coding. (2018, September 16). DeepFakes Video Collections Part 4: Needs to stop right now [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shzwCxwqono&t=171s
Lopez, G. (2016, December 8). Pizzagate, the fake news conspiracy theory that led a gunman to DC’s Comet Ping Pong, explained. Vox. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/12/5/13842258/pizzagate-comet-ping-pong-fake-news
LSE Consulting, Cull, N., Gatov, V., Pomerantsev, P., Applebaum, A., & Shawcross, A. (2017, October). Soviet Subversion, Disinformation and Propaganda: How the West Fought Against it. LSE Institute of Global Affairs. https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/2018/Jigsaw-Soviet-Subversion-Disinformation-and-Propaganda-Final-Report.pdf
“Media Bias/Fact Check - Search and Learn the Bias of News Media.” Media Bias Fact Check, 23 Feb. 2021, mediabiasfactcheck.com.
Northern Essex Community College. “LibGuides: Fake News vs. Real News: Tips for Evaluating Information.” Northwest Arkansas Community College Library, 2021, library.nwacc.edu/fakenews/evaluating.
Ovadya, Aviv. “What Do We Mean by ‘Quality News?’ - Tow Center.” Medium, 5 Feb. 2020, medium.com/tow-center/what-do-we-mean-by-quality-news-cec178704356.
Parham, J. (2017, October 19). Russians Posing as Black Activists on Facebook Is More Than Fake News. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/russian-black-activist-facebook-accounts/
Plasilova, I., Hill, J., Carlberg, M., Gaubet, M., & Procee, R. (2020, May). Study for the “Assessment of the Implementation of the Code of Practice on Disinformation.” European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/study-assessment-implementation-code-practice-disinformation
Perry, A., & Vile, J. (2017, May). Fairness Doctrine. The First Amendment Encyclopedia. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/95/fairness-doctrine
“Polygraph.” Polygraph.Info, 2020, www.polygraph.info.
Posetti, J., & Bontcheva, K. (2020, June 4). DISINFODEMIC: Deciphering COVID-19 disinformation. UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/ disinfodemic/brief1
Qiu, L. (2017, December 13). Fingerprints of Russian Disinformation: From AIDS to Fake News. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/12/us/politics/russian-disinformation-aids-fake-news.html
Robinson, B. S. S. A. O. (2020, April 26). Coronavirus: US and China trade conspiracy theories. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52224331
Select Committee on Intelligence. (2019). Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election Vol. 1. Senate Intelligence Committee. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default /files /documents/Report_Volume1.pdf
Select Committee on Intelligence. (2019). Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election Vol. 2. Senate Intelligence Committee. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites /default/files /documents /Report_Volume2.pdf
Schudson, Michael. “Here’s What Non-Fake News Looks Like.” Columbia Journalism Review, 23 Feb. 2017, www.cjr.org/analysis/fake-news-real-news-list.php.
Subcommitte on Europe, Eurasia, Energy and the Environment. (2016, July). Russian Disinformation Attack on Elections: Lessons from Europe. Committee on Foreign Affairs. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=829237
Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. (2019, September). Online Imposters and Disinformation. Committee on Science, Space and Technology. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=846024
The MIT Press Reader. (2020, December 22). Lessons From Operation “Denver,” the KGB’s Massive AIDS Disinformation Campaign. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/operation-denver-kgb-aids-disinformation-campaign/
Wendling, B. M. (2021, January 6). QAnon: What is it and where did it come from? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/53498434
Yglesias, M. (2015, May 6). The amazing Jade Helm conspiracy theory, explained. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2015/5/6/8559577/jade-helm-conspiracy
THE OPEN
Agamben, Giorgio, and Kevin Attell. The Open: Man and Animal. 1st ed., Stanford University Press, 2003.
Al Jazeera. “Mother ‘Reunites’ with Dead Daughter in Virtual Reality.” Science and Technology News | Al Jazeera, 14 Feb. 2020, www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/14/mother-reunites-with-dead-daughter-in-virtual-reality.
Auxier, Brooke, and Monica Anderson. “As Schools Close Due to the Coronavirus, Some U.S. Students Face a Digital ‘Homework Gap.’” Pew Research Center, 16 Mar. 2020, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/16/as-schools-close-due-to-the-coronavirus-some-u-s-students-face-a-digital-homework-gap.
Bartoloni, Paolo. “The Open and the Suspension of Being: A Review Article of New Work by Agamben, Heller-Roazen, and Smock.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, vol. 7, no. 3, 2005. Crossref, doi:10.7771/1481-4374.1276.
“Equifax Data Breach Settlement.” Federal Trade Commission, 15 July 2020, www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/refunds/equifax-data-breach-settlement.
Griffin, Andrew. “Facebook’s Robots Shut down after They Develop New Language.” The Independent, 10 Sept. 2020, www.independent.co.uk/life-style/facebook-artificial-intelligence-ai-chatbot-new-language-research-openai-google-a7869706.html.
Heidegger, Martin. Parmenides (Studies in Continental Thought). Indiana University Press, 1998.
Heidegger, Martin. Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays, The. Harper Torchbooks, 1977.
Hui, Yuk. “Cosmostechnics.” Angelaki, vol. 25, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1–2.
Hui, Yuk. “Cosmotechnics as Cosmopolitics.” Journal #86 November 2017 - e-Flux, 2017, www.e-flux.com/journal/86/161887 /cosmotechnics-as-cosmopolitics.
Hui, Yuk. Recursivity and Contingency (Media Philosophy). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2019.
Inside Higher Ed, and Colleen Flaherty. “Parking Lot Wi-Fi Is a Way of Life for Many Students.” Inside Higher Ed, 8 May 2020, www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/05/08/parking-lot-wi-fi-way-life-many-students.
Lemmens, Pieter. “Other Turnings.” Angelaki, vol. 25, no. 4, 2020, pp. 9–25.
Lo, Edwin. “Interview: A Thousand Cosmotechnics.” Research Network for Philosophy and Technology | 技術與哲學研究網絡, 6 Mar. 2020, philosophyandtechnology.network/1266/interview-a-thousand-cosmotechnics.
Phillips, James. “Restoring Place to Aesthetic Experience: Heidegger’s Critique of Rilke.” Critical Horizons, vol. 11, no. 3, 2010, pp. 341–58.
Rilke, Rainer Maria, and Stephen Mitchell. Duino Elegies & The Sonnets to Orpheus: A Dual-Language Edition (Vintage International). Bilingual, Vintage, 2009.
Santner, Eric. On Creaturely Life: Rilke, Benjamin, Sebald. New edition, University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Tortum, Deniz, and Sutherland, Ainsley. “Embodied Montage: Constructing Meaning in Virtual Reality.” VR Developer Gems. CRC Press, 2019.
Verbeek, P., FutureLearn. “The Technological View of the World of Martin Heidegger.” FutureLearn, 4 Feb. 2021, www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/philosophy-of- technology/0/steps/26314.
OTHER
Belluck, P. (2019, April 14). Gene-Edited Babies: What a Chinese Scientist Told an American Mentor. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/health/ gene-editing-babies.html
Bial, H., & Brady, S. (2016). The performance studies reader. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Couturier, J. (2019). Voidlandia: Conversations in Discord. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
Glaser, P. M. (Director). (1987.). The Running man[Video file].
Leeker, M., Schipper, I., & Beyes, T. (2017). Performing the digital: Performativity and performance studies in digital cultures. Bielefeld: Transcript.
Rahim, Z. (2019, April 12). Scientist injects human genes into monkeys' brains and makes them more intelligent, study says. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from https://www.independent.co.uk /news/science /monkey-human-genes-brains-china-dna-intelligence-study-a8866616.html
Schechner, R., & Brady, S. (2019). Performance studies: An introduction. New York: Routledge.